Ganqu Cui Ph.D

Biography

I obtained my Ph.D degree from THUNLP Lab, Dept. of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, advised by Prof. Zhiyuan Liu. Before that, I obtained my B.S. degree of Mathematics and Physics, Tsinghua University in 2019.

My research interests lie at LLM alignment and reinforcement learning. Previously, I did some research on representation learning on graphs, especially graph neural networks and their application.

News

Selected Publications [Google Scholar]

* indicates equal contribution. † indicates corresponding author.

• P1: Mastering Physics Olympiads with Reinforcement Learning
  Jiacheng Chen*, Qianjia Cheng*, Fangchen Yu*, Haiyuan Wan, Yuchen Zhang, Shenghe Zheng, Junchi Yao, Qingyang Zhang, Haonan He, Yun Luo, Yufeng Zhao, Futing Wang, Li Sheng, Chengxing Xie, Yuxin Zuo, Yizhuo Li, Wenxauan Zeng, Yulun Wu, Rui Huang, Dongzhan Zhou, Kai Chen, Yu Qiao, Lei Bai, Yu Cheng, Ning Ding, Bowen Zhou, Peng Ye†, Ganqu Cui†.
  Preprint
  [code]
  
• From f(x) and g(x) to f(g(x)): LLMs Learn New Skills in RL by Composing Old Ones
  Lifan Yuan*, Weize Chen*, Yuchen Zhang, Ganqu Cui†, Hanbin Wang, Ziming You, Ning Ding†, Zhiyuan Liu†, Maosong Sun, Hao Peng.
  Preprint
  [code]
  
• HiPhO: How Far Are (M) LLMs from Humans in the Latest High School Physics Olympiad Benchmark?
  Fangchen Yu*, Haiyuan Wan*, Qianjia Cheng*, Yuchen Zhang, Jiacheng Chen, Fujun Han, Yulun Wu, Junchi Yao, Ruilizhen Hu, Ning Ding, Yu Cheng, Tao Chen, Lei Bai, Dongzhan Zhou, Yun Luo, Ganqu Cui†, Peng Ye†.
  Preprint
  [code]
  
• Intern-s1: A scientific multimodal foundation model
  Lei Bai, ..., Ganqu Cui, ..., et al.
  Preprint
  [code]
  
• The Entropy Mechanism of Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning Language Models
  Ganqu Cui*, Yuchen Zhang*, Jiacheng Chen*, Lifan Yuan, Zhi Wang, Yuxin Zuo, Haozhan Li, Yuchen Fan, Huayu Chen, Weize Chen, Zhiyuan Liu, Hao Peng, Lei Bai, Wanli Ouyang, Yu Cheng, Bowen Zhou, Ning Ding.
  Preprint
  [code]
  
• Scaling physical reasoning with the physics dataset
  Shenghe Zheng*, Qianjia Cheng*, Junchi Yao*, Mengsong Wu, Haonan He, Ning Ding, Yu Cheng, Shuyue Hu, Lei Bai, Dongzhan Zhou, Ganqu Cui†, Peng Ye†.
  NeurIPS Datasets & Benchmarks 2025
  
• TTRL: Test-time reinforcement learning
  Yuxin Zuo, Kaiyan Zhang, Shang Qu, Li Sheng, Xuekai Zhu, Biqing Qi, Youbang Sun, Ganqu Cui, Ning Ding, Bowen Zhou.
  NeurIPS 2025
  [code]
  
• AIR: A Systematic Analysis of Annotations, Instructions, and Response Pairs in Preference Dataset
  Bingxiang He*, Wenbin Zhang*, Jiaxi Song, Cheng Qian, Zixuan Fu, Bowen Sun, Ning Ding, Haiwen Hong, Longtao Huang, Hui Xue, Ganqu Cui†, Wanxiang Che†, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun.
  COLM 2025
  
• UltraIF: Advancing Instruction Following from the Wild
  Kaikai An*, Li Sheng*, Ganqu Cui†, Shuzheng Si, Ning Ding, Yu Cheng, Baobao Chang†.
  EMNLP 2025
  [code]
  
• Process Reinforcement through Implicit Rewards
  Ganqu Cui*, Lifan Yuan*, Zefan Wang, Hanbin Wang, Wendi Li, Bingxiang He, Yuchen Fan, Tianyu Yu, Qixin Xu, Weize Chen, Jiarui Yuan, Huayu Chen, Kaiyan Zhang, Xingtai Lv, Shuo Wang, Yuan Yao, Xu Han, Hao Peng, Yu Cheng, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun, Bowen Zhou, Ning Ding.
  Preprint
  [code]
  
• Free Process Rewards without Process Labels
  Lifan Yuan*, Wendi Li*, Huayu Chen, Ganqu Cui†, Ning Ding†, Kaiyan Zhang, Bowen Zhou, Zhiyuan Liu†, Hao Peng.
  ICML 2025
  [code]
  
• Advancing LLM Reasoning Generalists with Preference Trees
  Lifan Yuan*, Ganqu Cui*†, Hanbin Wang*, Ning Ding†, Xingyao Wang, Jia Deng, Boji Shan, Huimin Chen, Ruobing Xie, Yankai Lin, Zhenghao Liu, Bowen Zhou, Hao Peng, Zhiyuan Liu†, Maosong Sun.
  ICLR 2025
  [code]
  
• Minicpm: Unveiling the potential of small language models with scalable training strategies (Oral)
  Shengding Hu, Yuge Tu, Xu Han, Chaoqun He, Ganqu Cui, Xiang Long, Zhi Zheng, Yewei Fang, Yuxiang Huang, Weilin Zhao, Xinrong Zhang, Zheng Leng Thai, Kaihuo Zhang, Chongyi Wang, Yuan Yao, Chenyang Zhao, Jie Zhou, Jie Cai, Zhongwu Zhai, Ning Ding, Chao Jia, Guoyang Zeng, Dahai Li, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun.
  COLM 2024
  [code]
  
• Controllable preference optimization: Toward controllable multi-objective alignment
  Yiju Guo*, Ganqu Cui*, Lifan Yuan, Ning Ding, Zexu Sun, Bowen Sun, Huimin Chen, Ruobing Xie, Jie Zhou, Yankai Lin, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun.
  EMNLP 2024
  [code]
  
• UltraFeedback: Boosting Language Models with Scaled AI Feedback
  Ganqu Cui*, Lifan Yuan*, Ning Ding, Guanming Yao, Bingxiang He, Wei Zhu, Yuan Ni, Guotong Xie, Ruobing Xie, Yankai Lin, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun.
  ICML 2024
  [code]
  
• Decoder Tuning: Efficient Language Understanding as Decoding
  Ganqu Cui, Wentao Li, Ning Ding, Longtao Huang, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun.
  ACL 2023
  [code]
  
• A Unified Evaluation of Textual Backdoor Learning: Frameworks and Benchmarks (Spotlight)
  Ganqu Cui*, Lifan Yuan*, Bingxiang, He, Yangyi Chen, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun.
  NeurIPS Datasets & Benchmarks 2022
  [code]
  
• Prototypical Verbalizer for Prompt-based Few-shot Tuning
  Ganqu Cui, Shengding Hu, Ning Ding, Longtao Huang, Zhiyuan Liu.
  ACL 2022
  [code]
  
• Adaptive Graph Encoder for Attributed Graph Embedding
  Ganqu Cui, Jie Zhou, Cheng Yang, Zhiyuan Liu.
  KDD 2020
  [code]
  

Honors & Awards

• WAIC Yunfan Rising Star Award, 2025
• Tsinghua Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation (Top 10%), 2024
• Tsinghua Outstanding Graduate (Top 4%), 2024
• Longfor Scholarship, 2022, 2023
• Tsinghua-Sohu R&D Scholarship, 2022
• Tsinghua-Tang Junyuan Scholarship, 2023

Invited Talks

• 2025.05, The Entropy Mechanism of Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning Language Models @ Tsinghua Foundation Model Center
• 2025.02, Process Reinforcement through Implicit Rewards @ Apple, NVIDIA, Tencent, Ant Group
• 2025.01, Process Reinforcement through Implicit Rewards @ Huawei Noah's Ark Lab

Projects

• PRIME-RL
  Collection of reinforcement learning methods for large language models
  
• OpenBackdoor
  An open-scource toolkit for textual backdoor attack and defense
  

Professional Activities

• Conference Reviews:
  ICML, ICLR, The Web Conference, EMNLP, NeurIPS, ACL, SIGIR,

• Journal Reviews:
  TMLR, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE), AI Open,

Teaching Assistant

2019-2023	Spring	TA in Natural Language Processing
2022-2023	Fall	TA in Writing and Communication